where known

skill and devotion to duty whilst flying in non-operational circumstances

Why Was It Called The Death Penny

The Italy Star was awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth Armed Forces who served in the Italian Campaign during the Second World War

Instituted in 1993 as part of the restructuring of the honours system designed to remove distinction between ranks

Military Cross EIIR Miniature Category_General Service Medals where knownThe miniature Military Cross awarded across all ranks of the RN, RM, Army, and RAF in recognition of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land. A silver bar ornamented by the Crown may be issued to MC holders performing a further act of such gallantry which would have merited award of the MC. Instituted in 1914, the Military Cross was issued for gallantry in presence of the enemy to warrant and junior officers of the Army